ANTI-ATG12 CLONE 1H18 ZOOMAB RABBIT MONOCLONAL (C15-1669-865)

General description

We are committed to bringing you greener alternative products, which adhere to one or more of The 12 Principles of Green Chemistry.This antibody is Preservative-free, produced without the harm or sacrifice of animals and exceptionally stable to allow for ambient shipping and storage if needed and thus aligns with "Waste Prevention", "Designing Safer Chemicals" and "Design for Energy Efficiency". Click here for more information.

ZooMAb^® antibodies represent an entirely new generation of recombinant monoclonal antibodies.Each ZooMAb^® antibody is manufactured using our proprietary recombinant expression system, purified to homogeneity, and precisely dispensed to produce robust and highly reproducible lot-to-lot consistency. Only top-performing clones are released for use by researchers. Each antibody is validated for high specificity and affinity across multiple applications, including its most commonly used application. ZooMAb^® antibodies are reliably available and ready to ship when you need them.

Specificity

Clone 1H18 is a ZooMAb^® Rabbit recombinant monoclonal antibody that specifically detects ATG12. It targets an epitope within 18 amino acids from the C-terminal half.

Immunogen

KLH-conjugated linear peptide corresponding to 18 amino acids from the C-terminal half of Human ATG12.

Application

Quality Control Testing

Evaluated by Western Blotting in HepG2 cell lysate.

Western Blotting Analysis: A 1:1,000 dilution of this antibody detected ATG12 in HepG2 cell lysate.

Tested Applications

Western Blotting Analysis: A 1:1,000 dilution from a representative lot detected ATG12 in lysates from A431, C6, HeLa cells and Rat brain tissue.

Immunocytochemistry Analysis: A 1:100 dilution from a representative lot detected ATG12 in HeLa cells.

Immunohistochemistry (Paraffin) Analysis: A 1:100 dilution from a representative lot detected ATG12 in human small intestine tissue sections.

Affinity Binding Assay: A representative lot of this antibody bound ATG12 with a KD of 2.0 x 10-7 in an affinity binding assay.

Note: Actual optimal working dilutions must be determined by end user as specimens, and experimental conditions may vary with the end user

Target description

Ubiquitin-like protein ATG12 (UniProt: O94817; also known as Autophagy-related protein 12, APG12-like) is encoded by the ATG12 (also known as APG12, APG12L) gene (Gene ID 9140) in human. Autophagy, a highly regulated homeostatic degradative process allows cells to reallocate nutrients from less important to more essential processes under extreme conditions of starvation. Autophagy also prevents the buildup of damaged proteins and organelles that cause chronic tissue damage and disease. It is a multi-phase process where in the initial phase, the cell senses signals released in response to lack of nutrients, hypoxia, or other forms of stress. The second phase involves the formation of the phagophore. The ULK1,2/Atg13 complex catalyzes the scaffolding of Atg protein complexes onto the phagophore membrane. In the third phase elongation of the phagophore to form the autophagosome occurs that is mediated by two protein conjugation systems. ATG12 plays a crucial role during autophagosome formation. It undergoes conjugation to ATG5, mediated by ATG7, a ubiquitin E1-like enzyme, and ATG10, a ubiquitin E2-like enzyme, in an ATP-dependent manner. The ATG12-ATG5 conjugate that acts as an autophagy factor exhibits E3 ligase-like activity which facilitates the lipidation of members of the LC3 family. The ATG12-ATG5 complex interacts with ATG16L1 to form an ATG12-ATG5-ATG16L1 complex. This complex conjugates phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) to microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B-light chain 3 (LC3) to form LC3-PE conjugate (known as LC3-II). LC3-II is recruited to autophagosomal membranes and is translocated to autolysosomal lumen where it is degraded. This ZooMAb^® recombinant monoclonal antibody, generated by our propriety technology, offers significantly enhanced specificity, affinity, reproducibility, and stability over conventional monoclonals. (Ref.: Otomo, C., et al. (2013). Nat. Struct. Mol. Biol. 20(1); 59-66).

Physical form

Purified recombinant rabbit monoclonal antibody IgG, lyophilized in PBS, 5% Trehalose, normal appearance a coarse or translucent resin. The PBS/trehalose components in the ZooMAb formulation can have the appearance of a semi-solid (bead like gel) after lyophilization. This is a normal phenomenon. Please follow the recommended reconstitution procedure in the data sheet to dissolve the semi-solid, bead-like, gel-appearing material. The resulting antibody solution is completely stable and functional as proven by full functional testing. Contains no biocide or preservatives, such as azide, or any animal by-products. Larger pack sizes provided as multiples of 25 μL.

Reconstitution

300 μg/mL after reconstitution at 25 μL per vial. Please refer to guidance on suggested starting dilutions and/or titers per application and sample type.

Storage and Stability

Recommend storage of lyophilized product at 2-8°C; Before reconstitution, micro-centrifuge vials briefly to spin down material to bottom of the vial; Reconstitute each vial by adding 25 μL of filtered lab grade water or PBS; Reconstituted antibodies can be stored at 2-8°C, or -20°C for long term storage. Avoid repeated freeze-thaws.

Legal Information

ZooMAb is a registered trademark of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany

Disclaimer

Unless otherwise stated in our catalog or other company documentation accompanying the product(s), our products are intended for research use only and are not to be used for any other purpose, which includes but is not limited to, unauthorized commercial uses, in vitro diagnostic uses, ex vivo or in vivo therapeutic uses or any type of consumption or application to humans or animals.