Anti-Avelumab Antibody (12G9), mAb,

Avelumab with trade name Bavencio, is an FDA-approved drug to treat Merkel cell carcinoma, urothelial carcinoma, and renal cell carcinoma. Avelumab is a whole monoclonal antibody of isotype IgG1 that binds to the programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) and therefore inhibits binding to its receptor programmed cell death 1 (PD-1). PD-L1 can be highly expressed on certain tumors, which is thought to lead to reduced activation of immune cells (cytotoxic T-cells in particular) that might otherwise recognize and attack the cancer. Inhibition of PD-L1 by Avelumab can remove this inhibitor effect and thereby engender an anti-tumor response. It is one of several ways to block inhibitory signals related to T-cell activation, a more general strategy known as "immune checkpoint inhibition". Anti-Avelumab Antibody (12G9), mAb, Mouse is produced from a hybridoma resulting from the fusion of partner and B-lymphocytes obtained from a mouse immunized with Avelumab. Working concentrations for specific applications should be determined by the investigators. The appropriate concentrations may be affected by secondary antibody affinity, antigen concentration, the sensitivity of the method of detection, temperature, the length of the incubations, and other factors. The suitability of this antibody for applications other than those listed below has not been determined. The following concentration ranges are recommended starting points for this product.