ANTI-PHOSPHO PKLR (SER12) 25 MIG (C005B-254258)

General description

Trefoil factor 2 (UniProt: Q03404; also known as Spasmolytic polypeptide, TFF2) is encoded by the Tff2 (also known as Sml1, Sp) gene (Gene ID: 21785) in murine species. TFF2 is secreted into the mucus layer of the gastrointestinal tract of mammals where it stabilizes the mucin gel layer and stimulates migration of epithelial cells. It inhibits gastrointestinal motility and gastric acid secretion and possibly stabilizes glycoproteins in the mucus gel through interactions with carbohydrate side chains. It is also reported to stimulate epithelial restitution and restrain any associated inflammation. TFF2 levels are elevated in hypergastrinemic transgenic mice and reduced in gastrin-deficient mice. Gastrin treatment is shown to increase TFF2 promoter activity through cis-acting regions, containing CCAATA- and GC-rich enhancers. Pretreatment with gastrin/CCKB receptor antagonists is reported to abolish gastrin-dependent promoter activity. Inhibitor of PKC, MEK1, and PI-3 kinase are also shown to reduce gastrin-dependent TFF2 promoter activity. TFF2 levels are elevated in several pathological conditions, including gastric ulceration, duodenal ulceration, and Crohn s disease. In addition to its cytoprotective role, TFF2 also plays a role in the regulation of host immunity as evidenced by reduced inflammation in rat and mouse models of colitis following administration of recombinant TFF2. Higher expression of TFF2 is also observed in large tumors of the diffuse type. An increased prevalence of TFF2 expression is seen in tumors with advanced T and N stage and in patients with lymphatic and venous invasion. (Ref.: Dubeykovskaya, Z., et al. (2009). J. Biol. Chem. 284(6); 3650-3662; Tu, S., et al. (2007). Am. J. Physiol. 292; G1726-G1737; Dhar, DK., et al. (2003). Lab. Invest. 83(9); 1343-1352).

Specificity

This rabbit polyclonal antibody detects Trefoil factor 2 (TFF2). It targets an epitope within 16 amino acids from the C-terminal region.

Immunogen

KLH-conjugated linear peptide corresponding to 16 amino acids from the C-terminal region of mouse Trefoil factor 2 (TFF2).

Application

Quality Control Applications

Evaluated by Western Blotting in Mouse stomach tissue lysate.

Western Blotting Analysis: A 1:1,000 dilution of this antibody detected TFF2 in Mouse stomach tissue lysate.

Tested applications

Immunohistochemistry (Paraffin) Analysis: A 1:1,000 dilution from a representative lot detected TFF2 in mouse stomach tissue sections.

Western Blotting Analysis: A representative lot detected TFF2 in Western Blotting application (Tu, S., et. al. (2007). Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 292; G1726-G1737).

Immunohistochemistry Applications: A representative lot detected TFF2 in Immunohistochemistry applications (Tu, S., et. al. (2007). Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 292; G1726-G1737).

Note: Actual optimal working dilutions must be determined by end user as specimens, and experimental conditions may vary with the end user.

Physical form

Purified rabbit polyclonal antibody in buffer containing 0.1M Tris-Glycine, 0.15M NaCl, 0.05% sodium azide, pH7.4 with 0.05% sodium azide

Storage and Stability

Recommended storage: +2°C to +8°C.

Other Notes

Concentration: Please refer to the Certificate of Analysis for the lot-specific concentration.

Disclaimer

Unless otherwise stated in our catalog or other company documentation accompanying the product(s), our products are intended for research use only and are not to be used for any other purpose, which includes but is not limited to, unauthorized commercial uses, in vitro diagnostic uses, ex vivo or in vivo therapeutic uses or any type of consumption or application to humans or animals.