DICKKOPF-RELATED PROTEIN-1 HUMAN

General description

DKK-1 (dickkopf WNT signaling pathway inhibitor 1) is a member of the DKK protein family which also includes DKK-2, DKK-3 and DKK-4. Recombinant human DKK-1 expressed in human 293 cells is a 35-40kDa glycoprotein containing 235 amino-acid residues.

Application

DKK-1 human has been used for the preincubation of human adipose-derived stromal/stem cells before growing them in neuron differentiation cocktail medium. It has also been used for the differentiation of induced pluripotent stem cells into photoreceptor progenitor cells.

Biochem/physiol Actions

DKK-1 (dickkopf WNT signaling pathway inhibitor 1) was originally identified as a Xenopus head forming molecule that behaves as an antagonist for Wnt signaling. Subsequent studies have shown that DKK-1 play an important regulatory role in the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway by forming inhibitory complexes with LDL receptor-related proteins 5 and 6 (LRP5 and LRP6), which are essential components of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling system. It has been suggested that by inhibiting Wnt/β-catenin signaling, which is essential for posterior patterning in vertebrates, DKK-1 permits anterior development. This notion is supported by the finding that mice deficient of DKK-1 expression lack head formation and die during embryogenesis. In bladder cancer, DKK-1 is overexpressed in serum and might be associated with tumor progression. It is also associated with multiple myeloma and affects bone formation. Changes in serum levels of DKK1 is linked with inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis. In the process of development, tumorigenesis, and inflammation, DKK1 enhances angiogenesis.

Sequence

TLNSVLNSNA IKNLPPPLGG AAGHPGSAVS AAPGILYPGG NKYQTIDNYQ PYPCAEDEEC GTDEYCASPT RGGDAGVQIC LACRKRRKRC MRHAMCCPGN YCKNGICVSS DQNHFRGEIE ETITESFGND HSTLDGYSRR TTLSSKMYHT KGQEGSVCLR SSDCASGLCC ARHFWSKICK PVLKEGQVCT KHRRKGSHGL EIFQRCYCGE GLSCRIQKDH HQASNSSRLH TCQRH

Physical form

Lyophilized from 1x PBS, pH 7.4.

Reconstitution

Centrifuge the vial prior to opening. Reconstitute in water to a concentration of 0.1-1.0 mg/ml. Do not vortex. This solution can be stored at 2-8°C for up to 1 week. For extended storage, it is recommended to further dilute in a buffer containing a carrier protein (example 0.1% BSA) and store in working aliquots at -20°C to -80°C.

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