General description

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HCtAEC has been used to elucidate molecular mechanisms of cerebral aneurism caused by haemodynamic (sheer) stress and inflammation, which were shown to act through PGE2-EP2 and NF-κB signaling (Aoki, 2011). Demonstrating a link between inflammation and neovascularization, serum amyloid A, a biomarker of inflammation, increased expression of TNF, F3 factor, NF-κB and VEGF leading to activated migration, wound healing and tube formation responses in HCtAEC; these pro-angiogenic activities could be prevented by pretreatment with the multi-angiokinase receptor inhibitor BIBF1120 (Cai, 2013). Additionally, CD40-CD154 signaling between endothelial cells and T cells leads to a stress response in endothelial cells via activation of NF-κB and MAPK/SAPK pathways and induces down-regulation of APLN, while at the same time activating viral immune surveillance system involving TLR3, IFIH1, RIG-I, and RNASEL (Pluvinet, 2008).

Also, HCtAEC, along with human aortic (HAOEC), brachiocephalic artery (HBcAEC), coronary artery (HCAEC) and subclavian artery (HScAEC) have been used to demonstrate that not only blood vessels from different tissues are highly heterogeneous, they also interact differently with leukocytes during the inflammation response (Scott, 2013). The authors further showed that differential N-glycosylation of commonly expressed vascular adhesion molecules may be responsible for this heterogeneity, as well as for modulation of signaling under resting and activated inflammatory conditions. This also explains why specific vascular beds may be more or less susceptible to particular diseases or stimuli. Importantly, if cells from different sources were used, these results could not be convincingly validated due to a number of uncontrolled variables, such as age, race, genetic variability or life style choices of the donors.

Because of the complex heterogeneity that exists not only between different donors, but even between different vascular beds in the same individual, it would be prudent to confirm any new findings on primary cell lots coming from several different origins.

Cell Line Origin

Artery

Application

neovascularization, cell migration, wound healing, tube formation, angiogenesis, signal tranduction, monocyte chemotactic factor production, cell adhesion

Components

Basal Medium containing 10% FBS & 10% DMSO

Preparation Note

2nd passage, >500,000 cells in Basal Medium containing 10% FBS & 10% DMSO
Can be cultured at least 10 doublings

Subculture Routine

Please refer to the HCtAEC Culture Protocol.

biological source: human carotid artery (normal). Quality Level: 100. packaging: pkg of 500,000 . cells. manufacturer/tradename: Cell Applications, Inc. growth mode: Adherent. karyotype: 2n : 46. morphology: Endothelial. technique(s): cell culture | mammalian: suitable. relevant disease(s): cardiovascular diseases. shipped in: dry ice. storage temp.: −. 196Â°C. Storage Class Code: 11 - Combustible Solids. WGK: WGK 3. Flash Point(F): Not applicable. Flash Point(C): Not applicable.