Life Science

Opioid receptors and their endogenous peptide ligands play important roles in the reward and reinforcement of drugs such as heroin, cocaine, and alcohol. The ?-opioid receptor is a type of opioid receptor which binds the peptide opioid dynorphin as

Following the cloning of the classical opioid receptors (mu, delta and kappa), the opiate receptor like-1 (ORL1) was identified as a G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) with 65% structure homology to the other members of the opioid family. OPRL1 is a

The µ-opioid receptor (oprm1) is the principal site of action in the brain by which morphine, other opiate drugs of abuse, and endogenous opioid peptides effect analgesia and alter mood. Opioid receptors belong to the rhodopsin family of G

The orexin/hypocretin peptides orexin A and orexin B (also known as hcrt-1 and hcrt-2) are 33- and 28-amino acid peptides, respectively. They are preferentially expressed in hypothalamus.

Hypocretin (orexin) receptor 2, also known as OX2, is a human protein encoded by the HCRTR2 gene. Orexin A and orexin B are neuropeptides originally identified as endogenous ligands for OX2.

OX40 (CD134) is a member of the TNFR/TNF superfamily. Costimulatory signals from OX40 to a conventional T cell promotes division and survival, augmenting the clonal expansion of effector and memory populations as they are being generated to antigens.

The Vasoactive intestinal Peptide/Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase Activating Polypeptide (VPAC) receptor is G protein-coupled and has been divided into at least three types: PAC1, VPAC1, and VPAC2. High expression of PAC1 is observed in CNS and the

Proteinase-activated receptors (PAR) are a subfamily of G-protein coupled, seven-transmembrane domain receptors, which are cleaved within the aminoterminal exodomain by certain serine proteinases at a specific peptide bond. Trypsin and mast cell

Protease-activated receptor (PAR)-4 is a member of a unique family of GPCRs. The protease-activated receptors (PARs) that are activated by proteolytic cleavage of the N-terminal domain of the receptor reveal a tethered ligand.

Programmed cell death protein 1, also known as PD-1 and CD279 (cluster of differentiation 279), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PDCD1 gene. PD-1, functioning as an immune checkpoint, plays an important role in down regulating the

Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) also known as cluster of differentiation 274 (CD274) or B7 homolog 1 (B7-H1) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CD274 gene. The formation of the PD-1 receptor / PD-L1 or B7.

Programmed cell death 1 ligand 2 (PD-L2) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PDCD1LG2 gene. PDCD1LG2 has also been designated as CD273 (cluster of differentiation 273).