Lipopolysaccharides from Escherichia coli O111:B4 (C09-0935-456)

Lipopolysaccharides are a type of glycolipid composed of carbohydrates linked to fatty acids. Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) are characteristic components of the cell wall of Gram negative bacteria. A typical LPS molecule consists of lipid A (a glucosamine based phospholipid), a relatively short core oligosaccharide, and a distal polysaccharide (O-antigen). LPS contributes to the integrity of the outer membrane and can protect cells from the effects of bile salts and lipophilic antibiotics. They stimulate host cells through TLR2 and TLR4 (toll like receptors). This stimulus can lead to the generation of various pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF α Tumor necrosis factor, IL-1, and IL-6. This product was extracted with phenol from Escherichia coli serotype O111: B4. The source strain comes from private preservation. This LPS serotype has been used to stimulate B cells and induce NOS (nitric oxide synthase) in human liver cells.Application:Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) derived from Escherichia coli O111: B4 have been used for:Stimulate macrophages;Mouse LPS pretreatment;Induce acute kidney injury in mice;Inducing acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in mice to study the anti-inflammatory effects of extracellular vesicles derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs);Inducing a high inflammatory state in mice infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2);Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) are characteristic components of the cell wall of Gram negative bacteria. LPS and its lipid A fraction can stimulate innate immune system cells through Toll like receptor 4 (TLR4), a member of the Toll like receptor protein family that recognizes common pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). Specification: purified by phenol extraction MDL Number: MFCD00164401 Related Documents: https://ald-pub-files.oss-cn-shanghai.aliyuncs.com/aladdinsci/pdp/sds/1/L384562-SCI_3de7732631f925a1e19d0cba614a6d2b.pdf