Recombinant Human Dkk-1 Protein (C09-1573-665)

Protein Function:Dickkopf related protein 1 (Dkk-1) is the founding member of the Dickkopf family of proteins that includes Dkk-1, -2, -3, -4, and a related protein, Soggy. Dkk proteins are secreted proteins that contain two conserved cysteine-rich domains separated by a linker region. Each domain contains ten cysteine residues. Mature human Dkk-1 is a 40 kDa glycosylated protein that shares 86%, 87%, 90%, and 91% aa sequence identity with mouse, rat, rabbit, and bovine Dkk-1, respectively. It also shares 42% and 36% aa identity with human Dkk-2 and Dkk-4, respectively. Dkk-1 and Dkk-4 are well-documented antagonists of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway. This pathway is activated by Wnt engagement of a receptor complex composed of the Frizzled proteins and one of two low-density lipoprotein receptor-related proteins, LRP5 or LRP6. Dkk-1 antagonizes Wnt by forming ternary complexes of LRP5/6 with Kremen1 or Kremen2. Dkk‑1/LRP6/Krm2 complex internalization has been shown to down-regulate Wnt signaling. Dkk-1 is expressed throughout development and antagonizes Wnt-7a during limb development. Other sites of expression include developing neurons, hair follicles, and the retina of the eye. The balance between Wnt signaling and Dkk-1 inhibition is critical for bone formation and homeostasis. Insufficient or excess Dkk-1 activity in bone results in increased or decreased bone density, respectively. In adults, Dkk-1 is expressed in osteoblasts and osteocytes, and neurons. Cerebral ischemia induces Dkk-1 expression, which contributes to neuronal cell death. Specification: ActiBioPure™, Bioactive, Animal Free, Carrier Free, ≥95%(SDS-PAGE)