TBP (TATA BOX BINDING PROTEIN) HUMAN

General description

TBP (TATA-box binding protein) was originally recognized as a part of the class II initiation factor TFIID. Its C-terminal region is phylogenetically conserved, and is composed of 180-amino acids, containing a highly basic segment, the basic repeat, flanked by two direct repeats. The N-terminal domain of this protein is not conserved across species, and differs in number of residues. TBP gene is localized to human chromosome 6.

Biochem/physiol Actions

TBP (TATA-box binding protein) is essential for the optimal initiation of transcription of ribosomal, messenger, small nuclear, and transfer RNAs by all three eukaryotic RNA polymerases. TBP proteins binds to the TATA consensus sequence (TATAa/tAa/t) with high affinity, through its C-terminal or core region, and identifies minor groove segments and introduces significant DNA deformation. It is a component of the class II initiation factor TFIID, along with TBP-associated factors (TAFIIs), which is crucial for nucleating the assembly of Pol II pre-initiation complex (PIC). PIC is essential for the transcription initiation by RNA polymerase II (Pol II). Amplification of the CAG/CAA trinucleotide repeats in TBP gene results in an autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxia, SCA17 (spinocerebellar ataxia type 17), which is characterized by ataxia, dystonia, parkinsonism, and chorea.

The TATA-binding protein (TBP) is believed to function as an essential factor of the general transcription machinery and to be involved in transcription by all three eukaryotic RNA polymerases (pol I, II, and III). TBP specifically binds to TATA element at the promoter region and interacts with numerous transcription factors, including TBP-associated factors (TAFs), activators, and some tumor suppressor proteins.

Physical form

Clear and colorless frozen liquid solution

Preparation Note

Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. While working, please keep sample on ice.

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